Chapter 5 Relationship between Mineral Nutrition and Plant Growth
, Yield and Quality
[目的与要求]
1．掌握矿质养分与植物生长、产量和品质的关系；
2．了解矿质养分与作物品质的关系；
[重点]
养分效应曲线及其在施肥中的重要作用
[难点]
养分效应曲线
[课堂组织]
讲述、生活实例和多媒体教具结合
[教学内容]
5.1 Mineral Nutrition and Plant Growth
5.1.1 Yield Response Curves (生长效应曲线)
图 5—1 养分供应与植物生长的关系
Law of diminishing yield increment (产量增长递减律) (Mitscherlich 1954)
R
图 5—2 氮、磷和微量元素的产量效应曲线
5.1.2 Factors affecting response curves
5.1.2.1 Nutrient balance status
The effect of interaction
among nutrients on yield.
Yield response curves
differ between grain and straw!!
5.1.2.2 Demand of Yield and Quality
YRC can differ not
only between vegetative and reproductive organs, but in quality.
5.2 Sink-Source relationship
and Yield (略)
5.3 Effect of Mineral Nutrition on Sink-Source relationship (略)
5.4 Mineral Nutrition and Plant Quality
The quality of plant products is not so easily defined and measured as yield. Quality standards depend very much on the purpose for which a plant is used.
The major factors
controlling crop quality are fixed genetically.
Exogenous factors can
considerably effects are dependent on the influence of particular nutrients on
biochemical or physiological processes.
5.4.1 Root crops
Potato: starch,
esterification (脂化作用）
Sugar beet: sugar,
soluble amino acid, K+, Na+.
Table 5—1 Effect of
potassium sulphate and potassium chloride on the yield
and starch content of
potato tubers
Treatment Tuber yield (Tonnes/ha)
Starch (%)
───────────────────────────────
KCl
2.81
13.3
K2SO4
2.82
14.6
½ KCl + ½ K2SO4 2.86
13.4
KCl gives lower starch
content than K2SO4 .
5.4.2 Grain Crops
Starch,
protein,
gluten (面筋),
amino acid
Table 5—2 Effect of an
additional N application at the flowering stage on yield, protein content of
grains and baking quality of water wheat
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Control,
80 kg N/ha +40 kg
N/ha +60
kg N/ha
As a basic
dressing at flowering stage
───────────────────────────────
Grain
yield, t/ha 4.59 4.98
5.24
Protein
content, % 11.9 12.7
13.3
Sedimentation value 28 30 34
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
5.4.3 Oil crops
Table 5—3 Effect of B,Mo on
component of fat acid of ZhongSH No.6 (%)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
处理
棕榈酸 硬脂酸 油酸 亚油酸
亚麻酸 二十碳酸 芥酸
───────────────────────────────
CK
4.67
1.88 47.28b 26.92a
11.14a 2.73b 2.86a
+B 4.99 1.96 52.48a 23.38c 8.95c 3.25a 2.69a
+Mo 4.52 1.55 53.63a 24.02c 9.36bc 3.35a 1.87b
+B+Mo 4.83 1.96 51.81a 25.17b 9.85b 2.45c 2.07b
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
5.4.4 Vegetables and Fruits
Nitrate, Vitamin, K, P
and other mineral elements, fruit size, colour, shape, flavour and taste.
Table 5—4 Occurrence of
greenback and blossom-end rot at tomato fruits
in relation to the level
of K nutrition
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
me K/L nutrition solution
1
3 9
───────────────────────────────
Greenback (绿背病)
82 2 0
Blossom-end rot (蒂腐病) 9
15
21
Healthy fruits
96
192 221
Total No.
of fruits/6 plants 187
209 242
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
[思考题]
1 概念：生长效应曲线，肥料报酬递减规律
2 什么是生长效应曲线？它在施肥实践中有何指导意义？
3 举例说明矿质养分对作物品质的影响。